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English

海賊対策国際会議 2000年4月27日-4月28日、東京
海事政策当局及び民間海事関係者による
海賊対策モデルアクションプラン
1.自主警備策の充実
(位置通報システム技術の導入、護身装備の充実の検討)
<目 的>
 海賊及び船舶に対する窃盗・強盗による危険から、人命及び船舶の航行の安全を守り、被害を最小化するために、旗国及び実質的な利害関係国は、船舶のとるべき自主警備策を体系的に整備した「自主保安計画」を策定、実施するよう船会社に徹底を図る。特に、旗国及び実質的な利害関係国は、最近のハイジャック事件のような凶悪かつ組織的な事件を念頭に入れて船会社が新たな自主警備策を策定、実施するよう促すこととする。
<とるべき具体的アクション>
(1)IMO/MSC回章623に従った「自主保安計画」の策定
 船会社は、海賊対策として船側がとるべき侵入防止対策及び被害の最小化方策、関係当局への通報、教育訓練等の事項を盛り込んだ「自主保安計画」の策定及び乗員への周知を確実なものとすること。
 自主保安計画には、下記(2)〜(4)を踏まえつつ、ハイジャック等の凶悪かつ組織的事件を念頭に置いた対策の強化、また、事件の多くが船舶の錨泊ないし停泊中に発生していることから、荷役作業時における不審者のチェック等、港内停泊中及び出港前後(特に夜間)における保安対策の強化も盛り込むこと

(2)船内における警戒監視の強化
 船会社は、ハイジャック等の凶悪かつ組織的事件に対抗するため、海賊侵入警報装置等のハイテク機器の導入を図り、海賊に対する警戒監視を強化すること。

(3)船舶の動静把握の強化
 船会社は、海賊事件発生の際、特にハイジャック事件が発生して船舶からの通報ができない場合でも、いち早く異常を察知できるよう、船舶の動静を把握するための手段を講じること。
 その際、船舶が海賊多発海域内にある間は、通常行っている船舶から関係船会社への報告をより緊密に行うとともに、賊の襲撃等の緊急時に、自動的に関係船会社に通報できる最新のハイテク機器の導入をはかることを検討すること。

(4)非殺傷性の護身装備の使用
 船会社は、ハイジャック等の凶悪事件に対応するため、個々のケースにおける賊からの報復措置等の危険性もあわせて考慮しつつ、非殺傷性の護身装備の導入を検討すること。

2.当局に対する報告
<目 的>
 IMO/MSC回章622及び623に従い、海賊及び船舶に対する窃盗・強盗が発生した場合に沿岸国/寄港国の当局が迅速・的確な措置をとることが可能になるよう、被害船舶から沿岸国/寄港国の海上警備機関へ事件の報告が確実に行われるような環境を整備する。
<とるべき具体的アクション>
(1)IMO/MSC回章623に従って船側のとるべき対策

[緊急通報]

1)船舶は、海賊及び船舶に対する窃盗・強盗に遭遇した場合は、直ちにRCCを通じて沿岸国/寄港国の海上警備機関に通報することを徹底すること。

2)船舶の所有者及び実質所有者、適切であれば運航者は、海賊問題解決のためには、当局への通報が不可欠であることを十分に認識し、自社の船舶に対し、海賊事件に遭遇した場合の沿岸国/寄港国の海上警備機関への通報の励行について指導を徹底するとともに、この会議において作成された、事件発生時の沿岸国/寄港国への緊急通報先リストを配布すること。

3)船舶の所有者及び実質所有者、適切であれば運航者は、自社の船舶が海賊及び船舶に対する窃盗・強盗に遭遇し、船舶からその旨の連絡を受けた場合は、当該船舶より海上警備機関に通報が行われているか直ちに確認の上、未だ通報が行われていない場合には速やかに海上警備機関に通報するよう船長を指導すること。
 また、船舶が通信を行ういとまもなく賊が船内を制圧するハイジャック事件のような凶悪かつ組織的な事件においては、陸上側で船舶の異常を察知して通報を行うことが、関係当局が事件の端緒を得る唯一の手段となる場合のあることに十分留意し、船舶の所有者、実質所有者のほか、運航者も含めたあらゆる関係船会社は、異常を察知した場合、直ちに沿岸国/寄港国の海上警備機関に通報するとともに、旗国及び実質的な利害関係国の海事政策当局に報告すること。特にハイジャックの場合には、運航者の役割が無視できない。

[詳細報告]

4)船舶所有者及び実質所有者、適切であれば運航者は、IMO/MSC回章623に従って、沿岸国/寄港国あるいは最寄りの沿岸国の海上警備機関とともに、旗国及び実質的利害関係国の海事政策当局に対して、可及的速やかに詳細な事件報告を提出すること。

(2)IMO/MSC回章622に従って、旗国及び実質的な利害関係国の海事政策当局がとるべき対策
1)旗国及び実質的な利害関係国の海事政策当局は、各国から提出された通報先リストに基づいてこの会議で取りまとめられる緊急通報先リスト一覧を自国の船会社へ配布するとともに、海賊関連情報を提供するよう努めること。また、自国の船会社に対し、海賊問題解決のためには関係当局へ直ちに通報することが不可欠であることを十分に周知啓蒙すること。

2)旗国及び実質的な利害関係国の海事政策当局は、自国の関係船会社から受けた通報等の情報を今後の海賊対策の策定に生かすよう努めること。

3.各国政府内部の諸機関間の連携
<目 的>
 各国が、自国の海賊対策担当機関相互の緊密な連絡体制を整備し、関係機関が一体となって有効な海賊対策を策定、実施する体制、特にハイジャック等緊急事件発生時に関係機関が一体となって速やかに的確かつ機能的な対応をとることができるような体制の構築を図る。
<とるべき具体的アクション>
(1)各国は、自国の海賊対策担当組織が相互に連絡・協力して海賊防止対策を策定、実施していく体制を整備し、海賊事件発生の通報を受けた際には関係機関全てに速やかに情報が行き渡り、総合的かつ機動的な対応がとれるようにすること。また、既に情報連絡、相互提携体制を定めている国にあっても、かかる観点から体制の見直し及び改善を図ること。
(2)この際、政府機関のみならず、それが適切ならば、関係民間団体等も含めた関係者による連絡会議の設置の方策の有効性も積極的に考慮すること。
4.国際的な情報連絡網の確立
<目 的>
 従来の外交ルートに加えて、専門的知見を有する関係機関が各々の情報連絡窓口を設定・活用することにより、各国の関係機関を結ぶ国際的な情報連絡網を確立する。
<取るべき具体的アクション>
(1)海賊問題に関し、各国の海事政策当局は情報連絡窓口を各々一元化すること。
(2)海事政策当局の情報連絡窓口については、直通外線電話、直通FAXを準備するとともに、可能であればE-mailアドレスを準備し、各国へ通知すること。
(3)ハイジャック等の緊急かつ重大な事件発生の報告を受けた各国の海事政策当局は、事件に関する情報連絡を行うべく上記の情報連絡ネットワークを活用すること。また、その際、ICC(国際商業会議所)のIMB(国際海事局)とも情報の交換、協力を図ること。
(4)各国の海事政策当局は自国の海上警備機関に対し(1)〜(3)と同様の措置を取るよう要請すること。
(5)IMO/MSCの回章622に従い、各国の海事政策当局は、IMO又は沿岸国/寄港国の海事政策当局を通して、必要に応じ、沿岸国/寄港国が取った措置についての情報収集を行い、船舶の所有者及び実質所有者、適切な場合には運航者に右伝達すること。
(6)通常時より、各国の海事政策当局間において、海賊及び船舶に対する窃盗・強盗の防止に資する情報の交換を密接に行うこと。
5.情報の分析
<目 的>
 海賊及び船舶に対する窃盗・強盗に的確に対応するためには、まず第一にその実態を正確に把握する必要がある。各国が保有する海賊及び船舶に対する武装強盗に関するデータをIMO、ICCの協力を得て整理・集約し分析することにより、被害が多発している海域・港湾、事件の形態(被害船舶の船種、賊の侵入方法、発生時間帯等)等の傾向を的確に把握する。これらの分析結果は、船舶の自主警備策の強化、海上警備機関による取締りの強化に資するものとなる。
<とるべき具体的アクション>
(1)データの集約・分析、活用のためにも、沿岸国/寄港国の海事政策当局は海賊及び船舶に対する窃盗・強盗の発生を認知した場合は、IMO/MSCの回章622に従い、確実にIMOへ報告すること。
(2)各国の海事政策当局は、IMO及びICCが公表する海賊等に関する年次報告、四半期報告等の各種統計資料における分析結果を自国の船会社に周知しつつ、当該分析結果を参考として、自国の船会社に対して被害多発海域・港湾における自主警備策の充実・強化を指導するとともに、自国の管轄海域内で被害が多発している場合は、自国の海上警備機関に対して当該海域のパトロール強化を要請すること。
(3)シージャックされ、船舶証書が偽造されたまま行方不明となっているようなケースについては、当該船舶の早期発見にポートステートコントロール(PSC)の機会を活用することが有効であると考えられるところ、各国の海事政策当局は自国のPSC当局に対して、検査官が不正の疑いがある証書を見つけた時には直ちに海上警備機関など自国の関係当局に連絡するよう要請すること。

Regional Conference on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships

April 27-April 28, 2000, Tokyo

Model Action Plan
for Maritime Policy Authorities and Private Maritime Related Concerns to Combat Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships
1. Reinforcement of self-protection measures−Including the examination of the use of ship-position reporting technology and enhanced defensive equipment
Purpose
In order to protect human lives and the navigational safety of ships, from the risk of piracy and armed robbery against ships, and to minimize damage from such attacks, flag States and other substantially interested States shall promote in detail the formulation and implementation of ship security plan incorporating a systematic approach of the self-protection measures that should be taken by ships. In particular, flag States and other substantially interested States shall promote the formulation and implementation of the ships' new self-protection measures to cope with the brutal and organized nature of incidents, as seen in recent hijacking cases.
Action to be taken
(1) Formulation of ship security plan pursuant to MSC/Circ.623/Rev.1
Shipping companies need to ensure that a ship security plan is drawn up and made thoroughly known to crew members. The ship security plan should cover anti-boarding measures to be taken against pirates, methods to minimize damage, notification to the appropriate authorities, education and training. Ship security plan should cover stronger security measures, based on points 2. to 4. below, that take into account brutal and organized incidents including hijacking. Considering that many incidents occurred while ships are berthed, anchored or adrift in or near ports, shipping companies should develop countermeasures such as checking suspicious persons while loading or unloading, as ship-security measures while mooring in port or immediately before and after leaving port, particularly at night.

(2) Strict security surveillance in ships
In order to be able to cope with brutal and organized incidents including hijacking, shipping companies should plan for the introduction of high-tech devices such as pirate intrusion alarms, and increase their security surveillance with regard to pirates.

(3) Greater awareness of ship movements
Shipping companies should develop means of monitoring their ships' movements so as to be able to detect oddities as fast as possible in the event that an incident of piracy and armed robbery against ships occurs at sea, particularly in case of a hijacking incident where the ship cannot alert relevant authorities.
While the ship is in an area where piracy and armed robbery against ships is frequent, regular reports from the ship to the related shipping companies should be made more frequent, and the introduction of the latest high-tech equipment capable of automatically notifying the company in the event of an emergency including an attack by pirates should be considered.

(4) Use of defensive equipment
Shipping companies should also consider the introduction of defensive equipment, while giving consideration to the risk of reprisal from the pirates or other risks in each specific case.

2. Reports to authorities
Purpose
In order to make it possible for the authorities of coastal States/port States to implement swift and effective measures to suppress piracy and armed robbery against ships, an environment in which the reporting from victim ship to coast guard agencies of coastal States/port States is conducted reliably should be created, in accordance with MSC/Circ.622/Rev.1 and MSC/Circ.623/Rev.1.
Action to be taken
(1) Measures to be implemented on the ship side pursuant to MSC/Circ.623/Rev.1

immediate and post attack report

1) A ship should make absolutely sure that if it falls victim to piracy and armed robbery against ships, it files an immediate report with the coast guard agencies of the coastal States/port States through RCC.

2) Shipowners/substantial owners/and, where appropriate, operators should be fully aware that, in order to resolve the problem of piracy and armed robbery against ships, it is essential to submit reports to the authorities, and should give thorough guidance to their ships regarding the submission of reports to the coast guard agencies of coastal States/port States as mentioned above if they fall victim to piracy and armed robbery against ships. They should also distribute the list of authorities to be reported* in coastal States/port States in order to facilitate immediate and post attack reports.

*List of authorities as recipients of immediate and post attack report of piracy and armed robbery against ships in the jurisdictions thereof, which have been registered by participating States of the Conference.

3) In the event a ship falls victim to piracy and armed robbery against ships, shipowners/substantial owners/ and, where appropriate, operators should immediately confirm whether reports have been sent from the ship to coast guard agencies after being notified by the ship to the effect and provide the guidance to the master who should make the reporting if he fails to do so.
In urgent cases of brutal, organized incidents such as hijacks, in which pirates take possession of a ship and the ship cannot transmit any message, one should be fully cognizant that reporting the fact from the people on the land side, that they have become aware of something abnormal happened to the ship, is the only way of making the relevant authorities aware of the incident. When any related shipping companies, including shipowners, substantial owners, and operators become aware that something abnormal has happened, they should immediately notify the coast guard agencies of the coastal States/port States and should also notify the maritime policy authorities of the flag States and other substantially interested States. In case of hijacks, in particular, the role of operator cannot be overlooked.

fuller report

4) Shipowners/substantial owners/and, where appropriate, operators should transmit a fuller report of the incident, as soon as possible, to the maritime policy authorities of the flag States and other substantially interested States as well as to the coast guard agencies of the coastal States/port States and nearest coastal States.

(2) Measures to be implemented by maritime policy authorities in flag States and other substantially interested States pursuant to MSC/Circ622.Rev1
1) The maritime policy authorities in flag States and other substantially interested States should distribute to their shipping companies the list of the authorities to be reported and endeavor to provide information concerning piracy and armed robbery against ships. In addition, flag States and other substantially interested States should ensure that, to resolve the problem of piracy and armed robbery against ships, their shipping companies are thoroughly aware of the necessity of notifying the relevant authorities immediately.

2) The maritime policy authorities in flag States and other substantially interested States should endeavor to make use of information, including reports received from shipping companies in their own States, for the future formulation of measures to combat piracy and armed robbery against ships.

3. Cooperation among relevant authorities within a government
Purpose
By developing a system for establishing close mutual liaison between their own authorities responsible for combating piracy and armed robbery against ships, each State will seek to build a system in which relevant authorities can work together to formulate and implement effective measures to combat piracy and armed robbery against ships, and a system in which, particularly when hijacks and other urgency occur, the relevant authorities are able to work together to rapidly adopt appropriate and functional responses.
Action to be taken
(1) Each State must establish a system for the mutual communication and collaboration between relevant authorities within a government, and ensure that when reports of the occurrence of piracy and armed robbery against ships are received, information is passed rapidly to all the competent authorities, and that comprehensive and functional countermeasures are taken. From this same perspective, States that have already established a network for the exchange of information and mutual collaboration are expected to review and improve those systems.
(2) Each State should give positive consideration to the effectiveness of establishing a liaison committee composed not only of governmental authorities but also of other interested parties such as related private-sector bodies, where appropriate.
4. Establishment of international network for the exchange of information
Purpose
An international network for the exchange of information should be formed among competent authorities who have special knowledge in the field, by establishing and utilizing operational contact points at each authorities concerned, in addition to the existing diplomatic channel.
Action to be taken
(1) Maritime policy authorities in each State should designate an unified operational contact point within their organizations through which information on piracy and armed robbery against ships problem is communicated.
(2) Maritime policy authority that functions as a designated operation contact point for the State is requested to prepare direct telephone and fax lines, and wherever possible to prepare e-mail address, and advise them to all other States.
(3) Maritime policy authorities of a State that are made aware of the occurrence of urgent and serious incidents such as hijacks should activate the communication network to exchange information concerning the incidents. In such case, the relevant maritime policy authorities are recommended to cooperate with the International Maritime Bureau (IMB) of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) for effective exchange of information.
(4) As regards 1.〜3. mentioned above, maritime policy authorities in each State request the coast guard agencies of the State to take similar actions.
(5) Pursuant to MSC/Circ.622/Rev1, maritime policy authorities in each State should, via IMO or via their counterpart in the relevant coastal States/port States, whenever necessary, collect information as to what action has been taken by the coastal States/port States, and convey the information to the related shipowners/ substantial owners/ and, where appropriate, operators.
(6) Maritime policy authorities in each State should routinely work closely with each other in the exchange of information that will contribute to the prevention of piracy and armed robbery against ships.
5. Analysis of information
Purpose
In taking measures to combat piracy and armed robbery against ships, it is first necessary to achieve an understanding of the actual situation of piracy and armed robbery against ships. With the cooperation of the IMO and the ICC, by organizing, collating, and analyzing the data held by each State concerning piracy and armed robbery against ships, maritime related concerns would gain an accurate understanding of trends in sea areas and ports where the occurrence of piracy and armed robbery against ships is frequent, and characteristics of incidents including types of ship attacked, method of infiltration used by pirates, and timings of attacks. The findings from analyzing the data can then be used to enhance self -protection measures by ships, and can be used as a resource in fortifying maritime patrols by coast guard agencies.
Action to be taken
(1) For the purpose of data collation, analysis, and use, when the maritime policy authorities in coastal States/port States are notified of the occurrence of piracy and armed robbery against ships, such authorities should report the information reliably to the IMO, pursuant to MSC/Circ.622/Rev.1.
(2) The maritime policy authority in each State should make the findings from analyzing the statistical resources in the annual and quarterly reports on piracy and armed robbery against ships published by the IMO and ICC/IMB well known to the shipping companies of the State, and give guidance to the companies based on these findings, about enhancing their self-protection measures for sea areas and ports where incidents are frequent. In addition, the maritime policy authority in States within which jurisdiction incidents frequently occur should request the coast guard agency of the State to reinforce patrols of the sea area in question.
(3) As regards the issue of missing hijacked vessels whose certificates are forged, it would be effective to take advantage of Port State Control (PSC) opportunities for the early discovery of the vessels. For this purpose, maritime policy authorities in each State should request their PSC authorities of the State to report to their competent authorities including coast guard agencies when their PSC inspectors come across certificates that may be fraudulent.
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